Subject & Course Guides: Korean Language Guide: Korean Culture

Korean Values

As a homogenous country, Koreans have a strong sense of national identity.
This means that most of the population in Korea is nationally and ethnically Korean, and speaks Korean.
If you look like you are not Korean, you generally will never be Korean. Even if you are born in Korea and speak Korean fluently, you may still feel like an outsider. However, many Koreans are open and accepting, and those who know you likely will say you are 'basically Korean' quite often.
An important point to note is that in addition to the bond of Korean nationality, there is a strong bond against Japan, which is largely a result of the time Korea spent as a Japanese colony.

The concept of "Cultural Appropriation" does not really exist in Korea, and many Korean's will be excited to see foreigners learning about their language and culture.
Many Koreans are proud of K-pop, the reach it has internationally, and the revenue it generates for the nation.
It is most common for Korean people to get frustrated/upset if they see foreigners who are disrespectful, such as by littering, being rude, or ignoring cultural norms that they consider obvious.
As a rule of thumb, foreigners care more about 'Korean' authenticity of things than Korean people are, since avoiding cultural appropriation requires defining the culture.

Filial piety is loyalty to the family, specifically to one's parents, grandparents, and ancestors.
Parents have considerable influence on the decisions of their children, and can pressure even adult children to do as they wish.
Young Koreans generally live with their parents, or under the direct support of their parents, until they are married.
It is a theme amongst traditional Korean holidays and norms to honor one's ancestors and the elderly.

Korea is considered a collective culture, where the society and whole are more important than the individual. By contrast the United States is an individualistic culture.
Despite comparative conservatism in dress, it is not uncommon for depictions of people, such as drawings or statues, to be much less conservative than what would be accepted in the United States.
The number 4 is considered an unlucky number. This is because the Chinese character for 'four' and 'death' sound the same.
Similarly, writing someone's name in red is also considered unlucky. This is because traditionally the color red was reserved for writing the names of the dead.

Safety

Korea is a rather safe country, with a low crime rate.
Driving in Korea can be dangerous, just as it is in America. However, due to different driving rules and culture, it can be particularly risky for foreigners traveling to Korea to drive without preparing themselves first.
The most unsafe part of living in Korea is most likely related to driving, as accidents are common. Generally traffic laws are considered 'suggestions' by Koreans, and the police force does not focus as much on driving violations as in AMerica.
Guns are not legal in Korea. While this does not mean there are no guns in Korea, you would most likely have to get involved in organized crime to come into contact with one.
It is generally safer to drink bottled water than tap water in Korea, though this depends on where you live. It should be fine to brush your teeth and do similar tasks with tap water, but for drinking water filtered or bottled water is safer in most cases.
In Korea the idea of how 'safe' an area is is based more on how many people are there than how well lit it it. Avoid side streets that are empty unless you know the area well or are in a group. Similarly, many Koreans would say that if an area is well populated but dark it is still safe to be in.
There is a growing problem in Korea with 'cults'. These groups target foreigners, usually by trying to teach you about Korean culture and values or offering to let you participate in a ceremony. However, these groups ultimately will try to get your money, and are not considered legitimate ambassadors of Korean culture by Koreans. If a Korean approaches you on the street and asks a strange question, such as where something is, and then continues asking you other questions about yourself please be wary. If they ultimately ask if you would like to come participate in a ceremony or other event it is better not to get involved in the group. If you decide to go do not bring cash. These groups are not violent, but can be an easy trap for foreigners to fall into and end up 'donating' more money than they would like.
Korea has also had an issue recently with hidden cameras in changing rooms and bathrooms. Keep your eyes open for anything suspicious, and if it feels odd do not feel obligated to stay for any reason.

Appearance

Pale skin is considered ideal in Korea, so many Koreans will actively avoid unnecessary sun exposure and tanning.
Korean beauty is also concerned with having a 'small face'. This concept can be very difficult to understand as a foreigner, so just know that if someone says you have a 'small face' that they are giving you a compliment.
Large eyes with double eyelids is also a beauty standard in Korea, and many young people will use make up or get surgery to achieve this look.
Plastic surgery in general is a growing trend in Korea, and it does not carry the same stigma it does in the United States.
Korean beauty standards also give preference to thin/toned body shapes. While Korean bodies come in all shapesand sizes, as they do everywhere else in the world, obesity and being overweight is generally much more uncommon in Korea.

Dress in Korea is generally much more conservative than dress in Korea, for both men and women.
Women generally do not show a lot of cleavage, shoulders, or large portions of their back. Young women often enjoy wearing mini skirts and short shorts, though not all do.
Men generally do not wear 'muscle tees' or tank tops that will show their chest, back, or upper arm muscles.
Even when swimming many Koreans will cover themselves more than Americans. It is not uncommon for Koreans, especially women, to wear full length sleeves or longer pants in a material good for the water. This is often both for modesty and to avoid sun exposure.
Korean people generally tend to dress much nicer than Americans. Even if they are just running to the convenience store, they will likely make sure they are dressed well and that their hair/make-up is done the way they like. They will, however, wear house slippers with their full outfit when they are out for just a minute, which can look amusing to westerners who are used to the 'all in' or 'all out' approach to dress.
Generally, those who live in the city are more likely to take more time and spend more money on their appearance on a daily basis. he farther into the countryside you go the more laid back people tend to be about their appearance.

Tattoos and piercings are still highly stigmatized in Korea for several cultural reasons. These include interference with the military draft, perceptions of gang involvement, and the difficulty of finding legal tattoo shops due to high regulation.
While many older people are very uncomfortable with heavy tattoos and piercings, if you only have a few many people will not notice much. Further, Korean people tend to hold their own children to higher standards than others, and so they will be more open t your tattoos and piercings than they would of their own children.
Despite the stigma against heavy tattoos and piercings, there is growing acceptance of tattoos and piercings, especially amongst young people in the cities.
Dying hair a non-natural color or wearing Natural African hair styles is less common in Korea than in the United States.
Generally if you have a feature that is highly unique, whether it is a feature you have chosen or not, be prepared for people to stare, point, or even touch or ask to take a picture with you, as Koreans tend to be less shy about expressing interest than Americans.

University Culture

University life in Korea is much more relaxed, for many students this is the first time they are able to do whatever they want and express themselves, as high school life is very regulated and intense for students.
Students tend to dress up for classes and school activities a lot more in Korea. T-shirts and leggings are not very common, and generally appearance matters a lot more.
Most major Universities will not allow foreign students to take regular classes. You will likely be limited to Korean language courses or other courses that are taught in English.
Generally there is less homework in Korea because the midterm and final tests carry much more weight than they do here.
The best way to make friends is to be involved on campus, whether in class, in a club, or by doing specific activities with your friends, you are more likely to meet new people the more involved you are with your current friends/activities.
Clubs in Korea are generally much more involved than they are here. Many clubs go on MTs, which are often weekend trips away with the group.
When making friends or being involved in groups, remember than seniority means a lot more in Korea, and you need to respect the upperclassmen and those older than you.
There is a really strong 'cafe culture'. This means that people go to cafes a lot more than places like the library to study, meet other students, or to spend their time between classes.

Work Culture

The work place culture in Korean is very hierarchical, and while there are some things that can be done to better one's standing in the hierarchy, it can also be very rigid.
Factors that play into where someone might stand in the hierarchy include age, seniority, connections with colleagues, and sex. sexism in the workplace is still quite widespread in Korea, and men may be elevated above talented female coworkers.
Ability to speak Korean can be a big factor in how well a foreigner fits into the workplace. Due to the large amounts of time Koreans are expected to be at work, many people develop work-families, and the social aspect of the workplace culture can be very important to one's standing in the hierarchy. Having a strong support system can also be a factor that can contribute to success in the workplace.
If you are going to Korea and are planning to teach English in a classroom setting, please be aware that the teaching style in Korea is very one-directional. This means that generally the teacher speaks and the students listen. While it depends on your school and the culture they have there, you likely will need to adapt to this new teaching style rather than trying to bring in Western methods.

Daily Life

Generally, you will have much less personal space in Korea than in America. This is especially true if you will be living in Seoul or another major city.
Americans tend to walk faster and with more purpose than many Korean people, who may tend to walk slower and wander a bit as they walk. This can cause frustration when you its busy and you are in a hurry.
Smoking cigarettes is still quite common in Korea. Larger restaurants and cafes may have a smoking room, and sometimes you can find enclosed smoking spaces on the sidewalk. There are rules about how far you should be from certain places, such as building entrances, to smoke outside, although it is not uncommon for Korean people to ignore these. If you are in doubt of where you can smoke and feel uncomfortable asking, just look around and see if there are any Korean people smoking, and do as they do.
It is also not uncommon for Korean people to spit on the side of the street, whether they smoke or not.
Convenience stores (편의점) are very common in Korea. There are a variety of chains, and most people develop a favorite chain or specific store near them. In the city, you'll almost always be within a block or two of a convenience store, outside the city there are fewer stores, but they are still easy to find. These stores sell snacks, ramen, bottled drinks, and general non-food goods. They also have microwaves, hot water machines, and anything else you may need to prepare food you bought there.

While it is true that there are many public WiFi networks in Korea, there will not always be free and accessible WiFi without a Korean phone number. Knowing your options before you go can help keep you from getting lost without any way home or to communicate with those around you.
Many cellular service providers have free WiFi throughout major cities that is free to individuals under their cellular coverage, and available for use by others for a fee. This helps keep data usage lower for people with Korean phone plans and keep you connected in places service is not as good, such as in the subway.
There are also many WiFi networks connected to businesses. Sometimes you need to buy something from the store to gain access to their WiFi, but others may allow you to use it for free. Many business WiFis also work outside the building, so you can always go back to a store again to use WiFi you had previously connected to.
Occasionally there will be a free public WiFi, the most common is 'iptime'. It is important to be careful on these networks as they are unprotected and open to the public.
Before you go to Korea see how international usage fits into your American phone plan and explore your options for long or short term Korean phone plans.

Tax is already included in the price of items in Korea. If something says ₩5,000 it is ₩5,000.
Street vendors are very common in and around cities and towns. Some vendors do not accept cards, only cash. Often vendors that do accept cards will require you pay a fee (typically ₩1,000).
Bargaining is not uncommon in Korea, but it also is not available everywhere. It is most commonly accepted with street vendors, especially if they do not have their prices listed, but may be more difficult for those who do not understand Korean well.
Korea has a culture of 'service' (서비스). This generally means that if you buy a lot from a vendor or business they may offer you a discount or extra items for free. You can also ask for service if you think you have bought enough that they should give it to you.
Some items, such as fruit, will be much more expensive and difficult to find in Korea than it is here. Other items, such as Korean food, will be much cheaper and easier to find than it is here.
Plastic bags are not free in Korea, though they typically only cost about ₩100.

Public trash cans are not very common in Korea, as waste disposal can be expensive. Littering is also highly discouraged and frowned upon.
If you have trash you can dispose of it at the nearest convenience store or ask at any other business. Businesses are more likely to dispose of your trash if you buy something from them or spend some time looking at their goods.
Larger cities or more populated areas may have some public trash cans available. More likely than this you will find trash piles on the sidewalk, you can add to the pile if you have something small that won't blow away or fall off the pile.

Central heating and air conditioning are not super common in Korea.
Many places, including homes, restaurants, and other businesses, will use stand air conditioners similar in size to refrigerators.
Many Koreans prefer the traditional heating method of heating the floor. Though in modern Korea this is usually done electrically.
Due to the use of floor heating (온돌) many Koreans prefer to sleep on the floor with blankets. While this may be uncomfortable at first, if you can sleep on your back in this way it is actually great for your spine.

Summer is very hot and can also be very humid. Be careful not to get dehydrated.
Winter is very cold, and it often snows and ices. Be sure to either bring a heavy coat with you or be prepared to buy one for winter. It is also not very common to lay down salt or sand for the ice, and so it can be very slippery, which is often worse with the general lack of grass in Korea and the many hills and mountains throughout the country.
Fall is not celebrated much in Korea, and is very short, with the nice but chilly temperatures only lasting a few weeks. Halloween is only really celebrated at bars and clubs in Korea.
Spring is also a quite short season, though many people come out and enjoy the cherry blossoms and nice weather. Spring is also when the yellow dust comes, with the severity changing year to year, so be prepared to wear a mask. Spring and early summer is also when there are the most festivals.

Koreans are very aware of how much energy their appliances use and often try to limit their usage. Part of this is because all appliances have an image of a dial on them that shows their energy usage.
It is not uncommon for Korean people to have an extra fridge that only holds kimchi. This is because kimchi has a very strong smell that can get into other foods if it is not kept separately. Another reason is that Korean households that make their own kimchi make it in large batches only once or twice a year.
Laundry Dryers are very uncommon in Korea. Even if a Korean person has a machine that has a drying function, they may still decide to air-dry their laundry.
Although it depends on the housing type, dishwashers and ovens are also not very common in Korea.

Popular Housing Options

Remember that the family you are staying with has opened their home to you, and likely you will be expected to take on some role in the family. It is not uncommon for the family to ask you to do some chore or task in the home.
Even if you are in Korea for a full year, you will likely always be a guest in the house. This looks a little different in Korea than in the United States. Even if your family says you do not need to do anything around the house, it is important to offer to help regularly, or they might feel you are taking advantage of their hospitality.
Common laundry, meals, and other house chores is quite common. It is usually the role of the mother to do these things. While it is important to offer to help, and offer more than once, do not force your help. Refusing to let these things be done for you takes away from the role the mother plays in the household, and can be seen as disrespectful.
Remember the polite decline. You may need to offer help a few times before it is accepted, and you should decline a few times before you give in, up to three times. It can be difficult to navigate the overlap between the polite decline and the lines of family roles. It will be helpful to watch your motives and avoid trying to be a 'superior guest'.
It is not uncommon for there to be a curfew, and many families want you to spend more time at home. Eating or sleeping out, as well as going to a cafe to do homework will usually be questioned and not easily accepted.
Privacy is generally not as important in Korean homes. Your host parents or family may go through your things or in your room without asking.
Remember that every family will be different, and the program you are in will also impact the relationship you have with your host family.

Korean dorms are more strict than American dorms, and tend to have a lot more rules. The dorm space is seen only as a living/sleeping space, and not as a space for social engagement. Often there are not activities or much interaction among floor mates.
You may encounter many rules in your dorm. Examples of rules may be no friends over, even inviting over people from neighboring dorm rooms, and no eating in the dorm, and no boys on girl floors and vice versa. This may even mean that boys and girls will have separate elevators that only go to their floors.
Instead of a cafeteria your dorm may have a shared kitchen space.
Bathrooms and laundry will also likely be a shared space. When doing laundry be sure you are punctual in removing your laundry, as people may move your laundry even if you are only a few minutes late.
There likely will be security or a key card to get into the dorm building. Again, bringing friends over is usually not allowed or frowned upon.

Every hostel will be different, so be sure to look at reviews of the hostel you are interested in.
Depending on the hostel, there may be shared bathrooms and/or showers.
Usually hostels have a shared kitchen space. Many landlords may keep staples like bread, eggs, and rice available for tennents.Your landlord may even offer to cook meals for you.
There will likely be some rules, such as quite hours.
Hostels tend to have more of a community feel to them.
Depending on your needs it may be difficult to find a hostel that is a good fit for you. If you are particularly tall or large, for example, finding a hostel that can accommodate your needs may take more time.

Public Transportation

Public transportation is incredibly common in Korea, and therefore is generally very easy to use and convenient, especially inside the cities.
Most public transportation uses the same system, so when you transfer and use an electronic form of payment, your fee is automatically updated to account for your transfer.
While you can pay in cash for all forms of public transportation, the most convenient way to use them is by getting a "T-card", wich you can purchase at most convenience stores, and recharge at any convenience store or at kiosks in subway stations. You must recharge your T-card with cash, however. If you are in Korea for a longer time it may be worth asking your bank if they provide an app or special card that works like a T-card and connects directly to your bank account.
There is a culture of respect in Korea, and this extends to using public transportation as well. Certain seats are reserved for the pregnant, elderly, or injured, and those seats are expected to have priority for those people. On a bus these seats are those which are on the same level as the main floor of the bus, usually as single seats. You may sit in these, but please pay attention and offer your seat if one of these people boards the bus. Seats in the subway are generally first-come-first-serve, and there is not really an expectation to offer your seat, though you can do so to be polite. There are almost always three seats at the end of every subway car as well, and you are to never, for any reason, sit in them. These seats are strictly for the elderly only, which is an unwritten and closely followed cultural rule.
When waiting for both buses and subways, a line will usually form. If you see a line, do not cut in it, even if you see others do so. usually those who cut in line are older Koreans, and even when they do it others find it rude.
On any form of public transportation avoid being loud or talking on the phone for any extended period time. You do not need to whisper, but your normal speaking voice is usually too loud. A hushed tone is usually best, much like you would speak in a library in the United States.

Get on the front of a bus, and get off the back door of a bus. The only exceptions to this rule is for long distance buses that only have one door at the front and when the bus is packed and it is necessary to get off through the front door. Never get on a bus via the back door!
Always tap your T-card or similar device both when getting on and off of a bus, if you do not you may be charged the maximum fare for that route. If you are paying with cash only use ₩1,000 bills, as the change machine only gives coins.
Most bus stops will have maps of the routes available there posted, if you know the name of the stop you wish to get off at these can be helpful. Bus routes always have the stop you are at bolded or otherwise noted, as well as arrows showing the direction of the bu along the route. It is a good idea to check the map before or directly after boarding a bus you have not used before, the route map is also posted inside the bus in multiple locations.
Most bus stops will also have an electronic screen that displays how long/far each bus is and which ones are arriving soon. Bus terminals or stops outside of the city may have a poster instead of regularly scheduled times.
Remember, just because a bus took you from A to B, that does not always mean you can just get on the bus going the opposite way to get from B to A. Always check!
If you are looking for an app to help you find the right bus for you when traveling, KakaoMaps is a good option. This map can also help you compare the speed of taking a bus, subway, or walking to your destination.

Subways are incredibly convenient for those living in a major city, and can connect farther cities to the main one of the province. While there are several subway systems in South Korea, this guide will focus on Seoul, as it is the most complicated one. Please also note that subway systems tdo not cross provincial lines.
Once you find the entrance to a subway station and go down, follow the signs to the track you want to ride. If you are unsure if a track will get you where you need to go, look for a track map, which is usually posted near the entrance to the track platform before you scan your card. Tracks going opposite directions for the same line will always be right next to each other, but sometimes the platforms are not connected, so before you scan your card also look for the name of a stop in the same direction as where you are going. If you find you are on the wrong side of the tracks do not panic, just go back up and down the other side. Unfortunately though, you will have to pay the full fare again.
Once you are at the platform for your train, simply wait until it comes and board, and then exit the train at the stop you wish to get off. Most subway stations will have TVs displaying how far the next train is, as well as maps of the track you will be riding. There are also maps of the track inside the train. Each train will also have some form of announcement or electronic board that will tell you which stop you are arriving at, which stop is next, and which side of the train doors will open. If you are in Seoul these announcements will usually be made in English as well.
Once you have exited the train at your desired stop you will either be leaving the station or transferring. If you are transferring, simply follow the signs to your next track, just as you did to get on the first train. If you are leaving the station, look for signs pointing to the exit number you need. If you are unsure of your exit number, look for a map of the area posted in the station. You can also exit at any number if you are unsure and feel more comfortable navigating the streets.
There are generally two ways to pay for the subway. You can use your T-card or similar device, or you can purchase tickets for the subway at small kiosks inside the subway station. Generally, it is difficult to avoid scanning your card when you are supposed to, but generally you will scan before the track, after exiting the track, and occasionally between tracks during a transfer. The machine will automatically take off the amount you need to pay, with a base payment at the beginning and occasionally another small amount when you exit, depending on how far you traveled.
Until you are comfortable with the subway system, it may be confusing. To avoid getting lost just make sure you know the stop name of the stop for your home, as well as the line number it is on. You can transfer to most major lines from any other line. It may take a few transfers to find you line, but once you do you can take that to your home stop. Many stations will also have an attendant or even a police station to help you.
If you would like help navigating the subway system in South Korea, you can download an app called Subway Korea. You can input your first stop and last stop, and the app will guide you through where to get on and off, how long it should take, and any transfers.
Special Circumstances: Please be cautious of trains labeled "express train" until you are more familiar with the system, as these trains will skip several stops at a time. Some lines have branches that extend from the main track, which can sometimes be confusing, and usually require you to change trains with the same line number. On occasion, the train also reaches the "last stop" and you will need to exit. If everyone gets off at a stop and no one enters it is probably the last stop. Simply get off and wait for a new train, on rare occasion you may need to change tracks.
Do not panic if you ever miss a train, miss a stop, get on a train going the wrong direction, or do not get off on the last stop. Another train will come, you can always get off and get back on the train going the other direction, and the conductor always checks the train after the last stop.

Most public transportation closes around midnight to 1am and reopens about 5-6 am. If you are going somewhere in this time frame you will likely need to take a taxi. Taxis are also a cheap option when you are going a short distance with a group. Taxis are also a great option if your destination is not close to a bus stop or subway station or if you are traveling at nighttime.
There are generally three ways to get a taxi. You can wave one down on the side of the road, get one at taxi terminals, which are often next to larger bus terminals and train stations, or you can order a taxi by phone call.
If you are waving down a taxi, look for a red light on the windshield that says (빈차) and put your hand out with a straight arm. It is easiest for taxi drivers to stop near crosswalks, so that is usually the best place to wave one down. It may take a moment, but one will stop eventually.
Once you get in the taxi you will need to tell your driver where you are going. It is always a good idea to know major landmarks near where you are going, such as universities, important buildings, and subway stations. The address will always be the best way to get exactly where you need to go. You can ask to give the driver verbal directions, but unless someone with you is fluent in Korean this is not recommended, as they have to listen and navigate traffic.
Once you have reached your location, be sure to pay your fare before exiting. Taxis can take cash, card, or you can scan your T-card. Be sure to thank your driver as you exit.

If you are traveling outside of the province you are in, you will likely end up taking a train. Trains are also a good option between cities when you want to get there a little faster than other forms of transportation.
To ride the train you will need a ticket, do not ride a train without a ticket, as the fine for doing so is quite high.
To get a ticket you can go to the ticket counter and tell them where you want to go and when. There are also often kiosks you can purchase a ticket at, but these only work with domestic bank cards. Tickets may be an assigned seat or a standing ticket.
There will always be a display screen near the tracks that will say which trains are coming, which track they are on, and their status. Once you find your track number double check that the train number is the same as your ticket. This number will be three digits, and if it matches your ticket you are getting on the right train. Once you are on the train just keep an eye on the time and when it is close to your arrival time pay attention for the announcement that it is your stop.
While it is easiest to get on a train car near your assigned seat, you can get on any car of the train and then walk through the train. This is always better than missing the train. If you have a standing ticket you just need to find your car, which will look similar to a subway car. If you have a seated ticket then you will need to find your seat after you find your car, which will look more like an airplane.
If anyone is ever in your seat, politely tell ask them to move or tell them it is your seat. Korean citizens have access to a train pass that allows them to ride without a ticket, and sometimes people make mistakes. Trading seats is frowned upon.
As a foreigner in Korea, you have access to a train pass called the Korail Pass, which allows unlimited train tickets for a certain period of time. This pass can be bought for 3 or 5 consecutive days, or as a 2 or 4 nonconsecutive day pass in a 10 day window. This is a much more affordable way to travel around Korea if you have the time and desire to do so.

Bathrooms

Bathrooms in Korea are generally much less up kept than American bathrooms, which can be very uncomfortable for Westerners visiting for the first time.
Always check for toilet paper before you use the restroom. Sometimes the toilet paper is located outside the stalls or, in the case of shared bathrooms in a building, the toilet paper may be located with the business you were at. If you are uncomfortable with the idea of not having any toilet paper, it may be a good idea to keep something with you.
Bathrooms in Korea do not always have soap, so it is also not a bad idea to carry soap, wipes, or hand sanitizer with you. This is especially true if you are not in the city.
It is also not very uncommon for there not to be paper towels or an air dryer in Korean bathrooms, or for the air dryer to be very weak. Most of the time a quick shake and pat is enough until they air dry.
The plumbing in Korea is also not always the best at handling toilet paper, so it is not uncommon for their to be a waste basket next to the toilet for the toilet paper. If you are using your own toilet paper it is usually best to throw it away in a trash can, in case the plumbing at that place only works with certain kinds of toilet paper. If you are a woman, the size of the trash can usually fits with how much product they are expecting to get thrown in there, but always look for a sign on the inside of the stall door, many of which will have English or pictures to help guide you as to where to throw your toilet paper.
You will quickly learn which places have better bathrooms that you may be more comfortable in. Subway stations almost always have bathrooms that are generally clean and have all the amenities that a Western bathroom would have, especially in Seoul. Big stores like HomePlus are also good options if you are looking for a 'nice' bathroom, as they are not shared between multiple businesses.
Your bathroom at home likely will not have any kind of bath, as Koreans who wish to enjoy a submersion bath will usually go to a bath-house or sauna (짐실방). Shower heads in Korean bathrooms are usually not separated from the rest of the bathroom, and may be connected to the sink.

Book

Korean Culture in 100 Keywords by Yong-hee Cho, Yumi Han, Hye-young Tcho
Call Number: DS904 .C449733 2017
ISBN: 9788927731795
Publication Date: 2017
Bilingual reading material for learners who would like to study Korean language and know culture past and present

Respect & Manners

When giving or receiving gifts, money, or similar objects, it is best to do so with two hands. You should also use two hands when shaking hands with someone older or with higher status than you. Generally, using two hands in any interaction shows that you respect the other person.
It is polite to refuse something, such as a gesture, gift, or help, up to three times before accepting it. This also means that you may need to offer something to others a few times before they will accept it.
If someone does something nice for you, such as pays for your time out or gives you a gift, it is considered polite to return the favor later on.
When you go to someone's house, especially for the first time, it is good to bring a gift to show your appreciation for them inviting you.
It is considered rude to offer someone something that is used, so always give gifts that are new and unopened. It is also considered rude to offer someone else your left over food.
When something good happens to someone, such as a promotion, they treat those around them to share the good fortune. Most often this would be covering some of or all of the celebratory dinner or night out.
When you gesture for someone to come over, put your palm down and use your fingers or wrist to motion them over. Do not do this action with your palm up, as that is considered rude.
Bowing is very common in Korea, so when in doubt, give a bow. The degree of the bow reflects the degree of respect you are giving, anywhere from a slight head bow to a full 90 degree bow at the waist. Just be careful that if someone older than you or in a higher position than you bows to you that you bow back with at least the same degree.

Social Norms

It is not normal to talk to strangers in Korea, especially in Seoul. Often people only meet new people through common interests, activities, or friends.
It is common to use family terms with non-family friends, acquaintances, or even strangers.
"Have you eaten?" is a common greeting, similar to "How are you?" in America. It is more of a rhetorical expression than a sincere question. A simple 'yes' or 'no' and then returning the question is best.
It is not uncommon for someone to be very straightforward about your appearance. They may say "you've gained wight", "your face looks smaller", or point out other features that you may or may not be self-conscious about. They are not trying to be rude, but rather show that they care and pay attention to you.
It is not uncommon for both girls and guys to be affectionate to each other as friends. However, LGBTQ+ is not as accepted in Korea as it is in the US.
Couples are generally more 'cute' than 'gross' in their affection. Couples may be much more open in their displays of affection or declaration that they are a couple than American couples.
It is not uncommon to exchange social media or phone numbers shortly after meeting someone new through a common friend or interest. It is also common to text frequently and respond quickly when getting to know someone to show that you are interested.
A large point of bonding for adult men is their time in military service. This can make it harder for those who did not serve to contribute to these conversations.
Korea has a large culture of private spaces for sale by the hour, as well as specialty spaces. These include Karaoke rooms, PC rooms, animal and theme cafes, HOF rooms, multi/DVD rooms, and comic book cafes. These spaces are a great place to spend time with friends away from others and enjoy a common activity.

Self Care

It is much more common to use an umbrella when it rains in Korea than here. This is largely because acid rain has been in the past and continues to be a problem in Korea. While it is the worst in Seoul, it is best to use an umbrella whenever possible throughout Korea. Do not be afraid, though, as acid rain only really creates problems over long term exposure.
Air pollution is a concern in all parts of Korean year round, but there are areas and times that it is particularly of concern. This is especially true in Seoul. Every person reacts to pollution differently, and many people can live with no problems most of the time. Just be aware of those around you, and if you notice a lot of people wearing face masks, it might be a good one for you to buy and use one as well.
Masks are also used by people who are ill, and many Korean people will continue to go to work/school, and other activities even if they are sick. This is because the mask protects those around them from getting sick and protects the sick person from more harm.
It is not uncommon for Korean people to go to the hospital for small things, and doing so is comparable to going to a general physician or clinic in America. Depending on the hospital, there may be a specific place for foreigners to seek treatment, which may have lower wait times and slightly higher prices. There are also hospitals that will be much more accomidating for foreigners and will have English speaking doctors, although you will have to look them up to find them.
Much like in America, Korea has pharmacies (악국) all over the place, as well as often in or near hospitals. Many medications can be purchased directly from a pharmacy, but some medications will need a prescription, and if the pharmacist is not sure what the best medication is for you they may ask you to visit a physician first.
If you are on a form of medication be sure you will have access to it in Korea. Certain forms of birth control and contraceptives, like Plan B, may be regulated in Korea, and only available with a prescription. Certain forms of anti-depressants or anxiety medications may also be regulated or banned in Korea. Check the availability of medications in Korea and speak with your doctor about other options before you go if necessary. Please do not try to enter Korea with regulated or banned medications or try to have them shipped to you once there.
Consider bringing deodorant with you, as deodorant may be harder to find, may be less powerful, or may be more expensive than it is here.

Eating & Drinking Culture

Koreans tend to drink very little water with their meals, and often you cannot get a larger water glass.
Food tends to feel healthier and less heavy, and you may get full faster and with less food.
Korean food tends to be based more on meat, and depending on the style/dish there may be fewer vegetables. Usually side dishes will be more vegetable based.
Fruit is very uncommon to eat regularly because it is quite expensive.
Korean meals usually include some element that is warm. It is uncommon to have just a sandwich or just a salad as a full meal, and many Koreans will feel as though they have not had a meal unless it is warm.
There is more of a 'sharing' culture with food in Korea. There may be one large thing that the table shares, or people may share between their dishes. If you are particular with 'double dipping' or sharing utensils you may need to figure out a system for eating that works for you, as that is quite normal in Korea.

Do not play with your chopsticks.
Do not use your chopsticks and spoon at the same time, as this resembles 'shoveling' food into your mouth.
If you can use chopsticks that is great! If not many Koreans will understand, and may even have a fork available, but you will need to ask or make do with a spoon.
When you are not using your chopsticks put them on the table or laying across your plate/bowl. Do not stick them straight up in your rice as this can be considered rude.
Remember that respect is a really important value in Korean society. If you are eating with any elderly people, people significantly older than you, or who have significant authority, wait until they have a chance to take the first bite before you begin eating.
Some things that are considered very rude in America, such as snapping to get someone's attention or eating with elbows on the table, are much less rude in Korea. Each group/setting will have their own norms, but do not be shocked if you see something like this.

There is no need to tip when eating out, and tax is included in the price, so you will pay exactly the amount listed on the menu. Whether you pay before or after, usually you will need to go to the front to pay, not at the table.
Self pay and self service is quite common in Korea. Sometimes there will be a machine you need to order your food on, and often side dishes and water will be self served.
The staff often will not come regularly to check on you. You will need to get their attention if you need something. This can be done either by calling/motioning them over or pressing a button on the table. Sometimes staff can be uncomfortable serving foreign groups if they think you do not speak Korean because they may be unable or insecure about speaking English.
Portions of food are much smaller than they are in America, and most places will not let you take your left overs to go. If you want to save your extras it may be better to order 'to go' in the first place.
Many nicer places will not let you share a single dish/order with a friend, and you will need to order one main entree for each person.
Staff will be very straightforward if you are breaking a rule, such as bringing in outside food or eating 'to go' food in the store. Do not feel bad, as every place has different rules.

Korea has a strong drinking culture. Whether it is in a company, university, or social setting, you may encounter drinking culture in Korea. Public drinking or intoxication is not illegal in Korea, which allows this vibrant part of the culture to remain strong.
There are general rules of drinking that apply across drinking situations. However, Korean people generally do not expect foreigners to know these rules, and groups may hold more or less strictly to them. If you are ever unsure what to do look at someone around your age and status and do what they are doing.
- Do not pour your own drink, have someone else pour it for you while you hold your cup with two hands.
- Offer to pour drinks for others, use two hands when pouring the drink.
- The oldest or highest seniority person at the table sets the pace of drinking, it is expected you will keep up.
- When you drink, especially from a shot glass, turn your head so that the bottom of the glass does not face someone who is older or has higher seniority than you. This may mean you need to turn your head 180 degrees away from the table. You may also cover the bottom of the cup in place of this.
Traditional style drinking may be more common among older generations and formal gatherings. It can be tied to more strict adherence to rules. This drinking style can be difficult for foreigners to adjust to at first, and attempting to 'show off' one's ability to hold liquor is not recommended until you get a feel for the group you are with, as 'tapping out' can be considered rude.
Young Koreans may still use the 'rules' of drinking, but may be more relaxed about them. Youth drinking culture also involves games in addition to 'hanging out'. Going out with friends for a 'night out' may be misunderstood in Korea, especially when going to clubs. This cultural difference can cause misunderstandings in friendships and dating relationships between foreigners and Korean people.

Korean Language Guide: Korean Culture

Korean Values

Safety

Appearance

University Culture

Work Culture

Daily Life

Popular Housing Options

Public Transportation

Bathrooms

Book

Respect & Manners

Social Norms

Self Care

Eating & Drinking Culture

Korean Language Guide Credit