K-12 Outreach for Japanese Culture: 4月 / April

This guide is designed for K to 12 instructors who teach Japanese culture and traditions.

花見 / Hanami (Flower Blossom Viewing)

3月から4月にかけては冬の寒さも終わり、春の訪れを表すかのように、樹々も鮮やかな花をつける。日本では桜の花などを鑑賞・楽しむことを「花見」というが、花見の起源には2つあるといわれる。

一つ目は貴族からの文化である。奈良時代の頃は貴族の間で梅が楽しまれていた。平安時代に入り、嵯峨天皇が宴を催したのが桜の花見の始まりと言われている。歴史的に有名な花見といえば、1598年に豊臣秀吉が催した「醍醐の花見」であろう。

一方、農民文化から花見が発祥したという説もある。春になると今で言うピクニックのように飲食物をもって丘や山に行き、桜の咲き具合をみていた。咲き具合によって豊凶を占っていたと言われている。江戸時代に入ると、花見はこの農耕儀礼との関連が失われ、また、貴族の行事としても離脱し、庶民が春になると楽しむものとなった。

桜は世界各国に咲く花であるが、花見のような伝統は他に例がなく、日本の独特な年間行事とも言っていいであろう。

From late-March to mid-April, leaves and flowers start to sprout and bloom. In Japan, the season of cherry blossoms start around this time. People enjoy hanging out, eating, drinking and gazing at the cherry blossoms, this act is called hanami.

There are two origin stories of the hanami.
One of the stories involves the nobility during the Nara period (710 - 794). Originally, the aristocrats of the time enjoyed gazing at the plum trees when bloomed. It is believed that the beginning of the tradition of hanami culture began during the Heian period (794 - 1185) when Emperor Saga held a big banquet. And one of the most famous hamami parties called Daigo no hamami, was held in 1598 at the old capital Kyoto, by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, one of the unifiers of Japan and powerful leader of the time.

There is another story that originated from the farmers. In the spring time, farmers would go on picnic to a hill or a mountain to examine the cherry blossom's conditions. Depending on the health of the blossoms, they would forecast a rich or poor harvest for the season. During the Edo period (1603 - 1868), however, the implication of agricultural rites were lost to the hanami. It was not exclusive to just the nobles anymore, and hanami became something that everyone can enjoy, and still is today.

Cherry blossoms are grown worldwide now, but there are not a lot of countries that traditionally celebrate the hanami like Japan. It is a unique event special to Japan.


花見の風景 / A scene of hanami


夜の花見 / Hanami during the night

Books Related to this Page

花見と和菓子 / Hanami to Wagashi (Flower Viewing and Sweets)

花見 <Hanami>

四月は「花見」の季節とも呼ばれ、桜の花を見て賑やかに祝うことが日本では一般的だ。多くの花が咲きはじめる時期もあってか、花をモチーフにした和菓子も多い。また「花より団子」ということわざもあるように、花見には「お団子」という印象がある。

  • 花より団子

意味は「風流よりも実益、外観よりも実質を重んじる」ということ。また、「風流を解さない人」の例えでもある。

The month of April is considered as the hamami season. People visits parks and have picnics while enjoying the beautiful cherry blossoms and other flowers that might be blossoming. Traditional sweets for hanami are called dango (sweet sticky rice balls) or hamami dango. Also, since it is spring and the blooming season, many sweets are inspired by flowers and leaves. Dango are strongly associated with hanami, there is even a proverb, "hana yori dango."

  • Hana yori Dango?

"Hana yori dango" can be translated into “dumplings over flowers” or "cake before flowers." The meaning of this proverb is that people concentrate more on the practical benefits rather than the beauty of life. Also, it describes a person who are ambivalent to the refinements of life and especially in nature.

桜の和菓子 / Wagashi inspired by the sakura flowers
 

花見団子 / Hanami dango

花見ビデオ / Video about Hanami

Here is a brief look into the hanami season at Kyoto.